Cobalt yog cov hlau siv hauv ntau lub tsheb fais fab.Cov xov xwm yog tias Tesla yuav siv "cobalt-dawb" roj teeb, tab sis hom "peev txheej" yog cobalt?Kuv yuav sau los ntawm cov kev paub yooj yim uas koj xav paub.
Nws lub npe yog Tsis sib haum xeeb Minerals Muab los ntawm Dab
Koj puas paub cov ntsiab lus cobalt?Tsis tsuas yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov roj teeb ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob (EVs) thiab cov xov tooj smartphones, tab sis kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub-resistant cobalt hlau xws li lub tshuab dav hlau thiab cov khoom siv tho, hlau nplaum rau cov neeg hais lus, thiab, kuj ceeb tias, roj refining.Cobalt yog lub npe hu ua "Kobold," ib tug dab uas nquag tshwm sim hauv qhov taub tshawb fawb cov ntawv tseeb, thiab tau ntseeg nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe medieval tias lawv nrum khawv koob ntawm mines los tsim cov hlau nyuaj thiab lom.yog lawm.
Tam sim no, txawm tias tsis muaj dab nyob hauv kuv li, cobalt yog tshuaj lom thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob hnyav xws li mob ntsws pneumoconiosis yog tias koj tsis hnav cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej.Thiab txawm hais tias lub koom pheej ywj pheej ntawm Congo tsim ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb cobalt, ib lub mine me (Artisanal mine) uas cov neeg pluag tsis muaj hauj lwm tab tom khawb qhov nrog cov cuab yeej yooj yim yam tsis muaj kev cob qhia kev nyab xeeb.), Kev sib tsoo tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim ntau zaus, cov menyuam yaus raug yuam ua haujlwm ntev nrog cov nyiaj ua haujlwm qis txog li 200 yen ib hnub, thiab txawm tias Amatsu yog ib qho peev txheej ntawm cov pab pawg tub rog, yog li cobalt nrog kub, tungsten, tin, thiab tantalum., tuaj hu ua teeb meem minerals.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev sib kis ntawm EVs thiab cov roj teeb lithium-ion, nyob rau xyoo tas los no cov tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb tau pib tshawb xyuas seb cobalt tsim los ntawm txoj kev tsis raug, suav nrog cov saw hlau ntawm cobalt oxide thiab cobalt hydroxide, tau siv.
Piv txwv li, cov roj teeb loj loj CATL thiab LG Chem tau koom nrog Tuam Tshoj-coj "Lub Luag Haujlwm Cobalt Initiative (RCI)", feem ntau ua haujlwm txhawm rau tshem tawm kev ua haujlwm menyuam yaus.
Xyoo 2018, Lub Koom Haum Ncaj Ncees Cobalt Alliance (FCA), lub koom haum cobalt kev lag luam ncaj ncees, tau tsim los ua ib qho kev pib los txhawb qhov pom tseeb thiab raug cai ntawm cov txheej txheem cobalt mining.Cov koom nrog suav nrog Tesla, uas siv cov roj teeb lithium-ion, German EV pib Sono Motors, Swiss peev txheej loj Glencore, thiab Tuam Tshoj Huayu Cobalt.
Saib ntawm Nyiv, Sumitomo Hlau Mining Co., Ltd., uas muag cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo rau cov roj teeb lithium-ion rau Panasonic, tau tsim "Txoj Cai Tswj Xyuas Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Cobalt Raw Materials" thaum Lub Yim Hli 2020 thiab pib ua haujlwm rau kev mob siab rau thiab saib xyuas.hauv qab.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, raws li cov tuam txhab loj yuav tsim cov kev tswj xyuas mining kom zoo ib zaug, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj kev pheej hmoo thiab dhia mus rau hauv cov mines me, thiab kev thov yuav maj mam txo.
Pom tseeb tsis muaj cobalt
Tam sim no, tus naj npawb ntawm EVs tseem tsawg, nrog rau tag nrho tsuas yog 7 lab, suav nrog 2.1 lab muag thoob ntiaj teb hauv 2019. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tag nrho cov cav tsheb hauv ntiaj teb tau hais tias yog 1 billion lossis 1.3 billion, thiab yog tias cov tsheb roj av raug tshem tawm thiab hloov nrog EVs yav tom ntej, yuav tsum muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm cobalt cobalt oxide thiab cobalt hydroxide yuav tsum tau.
Tag nrho cov nyiaj cobalt siv hauv EV roj teeb hauv xyoo 2019 yog 19,000 tons, uas txhais tau hais tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm 9 kg ntawm cobalt xav tau ib lub tsheb.Ua 1 billion EVs nrog 9 kg txhua yuav tsum tau 9 lab tons ntawm cobalt, tab sis lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov reserves tsuas yog 7.1 lab tons, thiab raws li tau hais nyob rau hauv thaum pib, 100,000 tons nyob rau hauv lwm yam lag luam txhua txhua xyoo.Txij li nws yog cov hlau uas siv ntau heev, nws pom tau tias depleted li nws yog.
EV kev muag khoom yuav tsum loj hlob kaum npaug hauv 2025, nrog rau kev thov txhua xyoo ntawm 250,000 tonnes, suav nrog cov roj teeb hauv tsheb, tshwj xeeb alloys thiab lwm yam kev siv.Txawm hais tias EV qhov kev thov tau nce siab, nws yuav khiav tawm ntawm txhua qhov tam sim no paub tseg hauv 30 xyoo.
Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, cov neeg tsim khoom siv roj teeb tau ua haujlwm hnyav nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj ntawm yuav ua li cas txo cov nyiaj cobalt.Piv txwv li, NMC cov roj teeb uas siv cov nickel, manganese, thiab cobalt tau txhim kho los ntawm NMC111 (nickel, manganese, thiab cobalt yog 1: 1. Cov nyiaj cobalt tau raug txo qis ntawm 1: 1) mus rau NMC532 thiab NMC811, thiab NMC9. 5.5 (cobalt piv yog 0.5) yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob.
Lub NCA (nickel, cobalt, aluminium) siv los ntawm Tesla muaj cov ntsiab lus cobalt txiav mus rau 3%, tab sis cov qauv 3 uas tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb siv cov roj teeb cobalt-free lithium hlau phosphate (LFP).Tseem muaj cov qib uas tau txais yuav.Txawm hais tias LFP yog qhov qis dua rau NCA hais txog kev ua tau zoo, nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom pheej yig, khoom siv ruaj khov, thiab lub neej ntev.
Thiab ntawm "Tesla Roj Teeb Hnub" tau teem sijhawm los ntawm 6: 30 sawv ntxov rau lub Cuaj Hlis 23, 2020 hauv Suav teb, lub roj teeb tsis muaj cobalt tshiab yuav raug tshaj tawm, thiab nws yuav pib ntau lawm nrog Panasonic hauv ob peb xyoos.Yog xav tau.
Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv Nyiv, "tsis tshua muaj hlau" thiab "tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb" feem ntau tsis meej pem.Cov hlau tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam vim "kev ruaj ntseg khoom yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj cai ntawm cov hlau uas muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tsis tshua muaj los yog nyuaj rau rho tawm vim technical thiab economic vim li cas (Ministry of Economy, Trade thiab Industry)".Nws yog cov hlau tsis-ferrous uas feem ntau siv, thiab yog cov ntsiab lus dav dav rau 31 hom xws li lithium, titanium, chromium, cobalt, npib tsib xee, platinum, thiab tsawg ntiaj teb.Ntawm cov no, lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj hu ua lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, thiab 17 hom xws li neodymium thiab dysprosium siv rau cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov.
Ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tsis muaj peev txheej cobalt, cobalt hlau ntawv & hmoov, thiab cobalt tebchaw xws li cobaltous chloride txawm tias hexaamminecobalt (III) chloride yog cov khoom tsis txaus.
Lub luag haujlwm tawg los ntawm cobalt
Raws li qhov kev ua tau zoo xav tau rau EVs nce ntxiv, nws xav tias cov roj teeb uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau cobalt, xws li cov roj teeb tag nrho-lub xeev thiab lithium-sulfur batteries, yuav hloov zuj zus mus rau yav tom ntej, yog li hmoov zoo peb tsis xav tias cov peev txheej yuav tag nrho. .Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias qhov kev thov rau cobalt yuav tawg qee qhov chaw.
Qhov kev hloov pauv yuav tuaj nyob rau hauv 5 mus rau 10 xyoo thaum ntxov, thiab cov tuam txhab mining loj tsis kam ua kev nqis peev mus ntev hauv cobalt.Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias peb tab tom pom qhov kawg, peb xav kom cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos tawm hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm nyab xeeb dua li ua ntej cov npuas cobalt.
Thiab cov roj teeb ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam tseem yuav tsum tau rov ua dua tom qab lawv tau ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm 10 txog 20 xyoo tom qab, uas yog Redwood tsim los ntawm Sumitomo Metals thiab Tesla tus thawj coj thev naus laus zis JB Strobel.-Cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam twb tau tsim cov cuab yeej cobalt rov qab thiab yuav rov siv dua nrog lwm cov peev txheej.
Txawm hais tias qhov kev thov rau qee qhov kev pabcuam ib ntus nce ntxiv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob, peb yuav ntsib kev ruaj khov thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg txoj cai ruaj khov li cobalt, thiab yuav tsis yuav qhov kev npau taws ntawm Kobolts lurking hauv qhov tsua.Kuv xav xaus zaj dab neeg no nrog kev cia siab los ua ib haiv neeg.